中国产业能耗的区域差异与区域联系

Regional Differences and Inter-regional Linkage of Industrial Energy Consumption in China

选取能源指标刻画中国区域能耗特征,揭示产业能耗的区域差异,并将30个省市、自治区划分为都市消费型、重型出口型、轻型出口型、能源基地型、中等能耗型和低能耗型6种能源利用类型。通过评估2007年各类型区域之间的隐含能源转移量,明确区域在隐含能源流中的位置,揭示产业能耗的区域联系。基于区域间投入产出分析与地域分工理论,分析中国产业能耗区域差异和区域联系现象的形成机制,可归因于区域产业分工与产业链分工,以及由此产生的最终产品与中间产品贸易,其中,区域参与产业链分工格局与区域间隐含能源流动格局基本匹配。最后为不同类型区域提出政策建议。

Targets on energy conservation and emission reduction have been an important binding force of regional development in the last few years, along with a series of strategies and policies implemented by central government of China. It is significant to reveal regional differences and inter-regional linkage of industrial energy consumption in respect to proposing guidelines for energy conservation and emission reduction on both national and regional scales. In this study, regional differences in energy intensity in China's 30 provinces were analyzed. And in combination with the embodied energy indicators, all of the provinces were classified into six types according to their energy consumption and development patterns, namely urban-consumer,heavy-export-oriented, light-export-oriented, energy-base, medium-energy-intensity and low-energy-intensity.Then, inter-regional linkage of energy consumption was clarified in respect to the spatial pattern of embodied energy flow in China. According to the theory of regional division of labor, the regional differences and inter-regional linkage of industrial energy consumption could be explained from two aspects. One is the inter-industrial division, and the other is industrial chain division of all regions and the resulted intermediate products trade. Specifically, the low-energy-intensity regions are specialized in producing raw materials and primary products with low energy intensity, while the heavy-export-oriented and energy-base regions are specialized in producing intermediate products with high energy intensity. Urban-consumer and light-export-oriented regions are specialized in producing final products. To be more important, the pattern of embodied energy flow in China is related to that of industrial chain division to a large degree. At last, based on the results, suggestions for the development strategies and policies of the six types of regions are given as follows: 1) for the low-energy-intensity and energy-base regions that are still in the early or middle stage of industrialization, the central government should increase financial transfer to improve infrastructure and promote technological transformation in traditional industries, and the target may be slightly lower than the national average level; 2) for heavy-export-oriented and medium-energy-intensity regions, the energy intensity target can be realized through upgrading of manufacturing industry and enhancement of proportion of tertiary industry, and the target should be higher than the national average level; 3) for urban-consumer and light-export-oriented regions that are in the late industrialization or post-industrial stage, energy saving lies on increasing the importance of high-energy products and industrial transfer, which means increasing imported embodied energy. For the country as a whole, more efforts should be made to change China's exportation-oriented development strategies,and the position in the international trade of embodied energy, through controlling of the exportation and importation.