中国典型旅游城市人居环境适宜度空间分异研究

Spatial Differentiation of Human Settlement Environment Suitability in Chinese Typical Tourist Cities

运用模糊层次分析法,在中国101个拥有5个3A及以上旅游景区的城市中选取30个城市为研究对象。通过建立人居环境适宜度指标体系,运用熵值法计算得出30个典型旅游城市经济环境适宜度、生态环境适宜度、气候环境适宜度、服务环境适宜度和人居环境适宜度综合得分,并对典型旅游城市的人居环境适宜度进行排序和分析。结果显示:北京和上海在人居环境适宜度得分排名前两位且优势明显;长三角地区城市(苏州、杭州、南京等)人居环境适宜度综合排名与典型旅游城市综合排名差距不大且大部分排名前15,是城市人居环境与旅游资源协调发展的典范;沿海城市(大连、青岛、厦门等)和传统旅游城市(桂林、昆明、黄山)由于旅游季节单一等原因造成城市旅游综合指数得分的排名不高,但人居环境适宜度得分较高,优势主要体现在气候环境适宜度、生态环境适宜度和服务环境适宜度;以人文景观为主的旅游城市(西安、洛阳等)人居环境适宜度排名普遍不高;重庆、广州在典型旅游城市中排名靠前,但城市人居环境适宜度得分较低,此类城市在做好旅游发展的同时应注重城市生态、服务等方面的发展。

The research on spatial differentiation of human settlements environment suitability in typical tourist cities plays an important role in exploiting local human settlement environment resources. Meanwhile, it provides scientific basis for the sustainable development of local tourism. This article applies the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(Fuzzy AHP) to choose 30 typical tourism cities in China as the research object from101 cities who have five 3A or more scenic spots. By establishing human settlement environment suitability index system and using entropy method, this article obtains the economic environment suitability, ecological suitability, suitable climate and environment, service environment suitability and human settlement suitability comprehensive score for 30 typical tourist cities. Results show that Beijing and Shanghai obtain the top two score in the human settlement suitability and have absolute advantage than others; the Yangtze River Delta region(Suzhou, Wuxi, Hangzhou etc.) has a little difference between the ranking of human settlement suitability and typical tourist city and most of them are in the top 15. Moreover, they do well in the coordinated development of human settlements environment and tourism resources. While the coastal city, such as, Dalian, Qingdao and Xiamen, has a low ranking of the typical tourist city, the score of human settlement suitability is high; The cultural landscape tourism city, such as Xi'an and Luoyang, acquires a low ranking of the human settlement environment suitability. Although Chongqing and Guangzhou have advantage in typical tourist cities, the score of human settlement suitability are lower; accordingly, they should pay more attention on improving ecological environment and service environment.