适用北美地铁车辆碰撞吸能区设计的试验研究

Study of Energy Absorption Structure Design for North American Metro Vehicles

采用北美地铁车辆碰撞设计标准,研究车辆碰撞时能量吸收区的工作机理和能量分配数据.首先,归纳吸能区设计、计算和试验的基本技术路线;其次,建立了车辆吸能区碰撞计算的有限元模型,依据ASME RT-2:2014标准中提到的车辆碰撞速度和车辆状态条件,分析得出了吸能区碰撞过程的速度、加速度等的分布规律;最后,采用实际碰撞试验的方法验证吸能区的实际加速度数值,对比与计算模型的一致性.通过设计计算和试验研究,得出碰撞吸能区可满足美国地铁车辆标准的结论,可以进行产品的生产应用.

Using the North American Standard for Metro vehicle collision design, the working mechanism and CEM data of the energy absorbing structure are studied during the collision. The basic technical route of designing is summarized, and the calculation and test for the energy-absorbing zone are conducted. The FEA model for the energy absorbing structure of the vehicle is constructed, and the distribution regularity of velocity and acceleration in the collision process of energy absorption zone are analyzed according to the standard of the ASME RT-2: 2014 with the consideration of the collision velocity and the vehicle condition. Through the actual impact test, the actual acceleration value of the energy-absorbing structure is verified and consistent with the simulation. The research route can provide the basis of further technical research and has important guiding significance.