不锈钢车体仿真与试验对比方法研究

Comparative Study of FEA and Test Methods of Stainless Steel Carbody

基于某国外出口的不锈钢车体结构,采用壳单元及实体单元建立不锈钢车体结构有限元模型,应用梁单元模拟点焊、激光焊焊缝,运用ANSYS软件进行强度分析,依据美国ASME-RT-2:2014标准加载边界条件,输出测点的坐标、位移及应力信息,与车体样件试验结果做对比分析,并基于车体垂向工况对车体结构进行对比分析,结果表明:车体结构测点的计算数值与测试值的整体变化趋势一致,刚度、强度结果满足要求,验证了模拟方法的可靠性,对利用率超过25%,误差超过30%的测点进行了解释说明,最终满足技术要求.

Based on a stainless steel carbody structure exported abroad, the finite element model of stainless steel carbody structure is established by employing the shell and solid elements and applying beam element to simulate the spot and laser welds. The strength analysis is carried out by commercial finite element software ANSYS, and the finite element model and output the coordinates, displacements and stress information are updated according to the loading boundary conditions of ASME-RT-2:2014 standard. The FEA results are compared with the test ones of the carbody specimen. The comparison and analysis of the carbody structure are carried out based on the vertical strength load case of the carbody. The results show that the calculated values of the strain gage points of the carbody structure agree with the overall trend of the measured values of strain gages, and the results of stiffness and strength meet the requirements. The reliability of the simulation method is verified. Moreover, the strain gage points with a utilization rate exceeding 25% and a difference exceeding 30% are explained and finally meet the technical specification.