美国域外送达制度研究

Studies on Service Aboard of U.S.

文章结合美国法律的规定和司法实践中的案例。对美国的域外送达制度进行了介绍。通过分析,文章认为,美国的域外送达制度呈现如下特征:(1)迭达不再是法院行使管辖权的充分必要条件;(2)法院官员一般不再执行送达;(3)"放弃送达"制度在法律上得以确立;(4)当面送达的地位降低,邮寄送达得以彰显;(5)公告送达受到了越来越严格的限制。并认为,由于美国将送达看做为"私"的性质,与国家主权无关,其不免会与将送达看做为行使司法权性质的国家相冲突。文章还针对中美之间的送达问题提出了一些对策。

This paper introduces U.S.system of service aboard by analyzing Amer- ican laws and cases.The paper holds the characters of service aboard of U.S.are as fol- lows:(1)Service is not sufficient and essential condition that the court exercises iuris- diction any longer.(2)The court clerks don't perform generally service.(3)The waiver of service is stipulated in American law.(4)Personal service decreases gradual- ly,on the contrary,service by mail increases.(5)Service by advertising in a newspa- per is restricted more and more strictly.Because service in U.S is considered'private' act,and has no truck with national sovereignty,the paper deems,it is unavoidable to conflict with service system of those countries that consider service as judicial act.Final- ly,the paper puts forward some advices to the service questions between China and U.S.