安理会改革热潮再析

Further Analysis on the Tide of the Reform of Security Council

今年是联合国成立60周年,60年后的今天,联合国的时代使命与面临的挑战已大不同于成立之初。来自联合国内外的压力进一步证明,改革是联合国有效存续的必然选择。2004年12月通过的联合国高级别小组报告与2005年3月公布的联合国秘书长改革联合国的报告是迄今为止关于联合国改革最有影响力的两份国际文件,其中关于安理会改革方案的建议成为世所瞩目的讨论热点。在简要分析"入常"热潮与安理会改革困境的基础上,本文对于安理会改革得出几点初步认识:安理会成员(特别是常任理事国),首先应是一个在"维持国际和平与安全"方面负责任的国家;安理会的改革事关重大,应该在国家之间进行充分讨论与协商,并在广泛达成共识的基础上进行,不应硬性设定改革时限,匆忙行事;否决权是安理会决策程序的核心,如何适用、改善应慎重考虑,建议基于联合国高级别小组报告的相关内容,遵循"地域平衡"原则,增设几个(如6～10个)任期较长(如3～5年)并可连选连任但不带否决权的"半常任理事国"。

This year marks the 60th anniversary of establishment of the UN,which is facing missions and challenges different from those of 60 years ago.The pressure from in- side and outside the UN further proves that reform is the inevitable choice for the UN to function effectively.So far the report of the High-level Panel on Threats,Challenges and Change in December 2004 and the report of the Secretary-General in March 2005 are the two most influential international documents,in which proposals on the reform of the Secu- rity Council have been the focuses of international debate.After brief analysis of the tide of'access to the Security Council'and the predicament of the reform,the article offers some preliminary conclusions.Firstly,members of the Security Council(especially the permanent members)should be countries responsible for'maintaining international peace and security'.Secondly,the reform of the Security Council is so critical that broad con- sensus should be reached among all countries through in-depth discussions and negotia- tions.Finally,Members should consider prudently how the veto power should be wielded and improved as the key of the decision-making process.The article suggests that some (e.g.6-10)'semi-permanent members'with renewable term and a longer session(e.g. 3-5 years)but without veto power in the Security Council be added,according to the prin- ciple of'the balance of regions'and the report of the High-level Panel on Threats,Chal- lenges and Change.