英国承认与执行外国法院判决制度对我国的启示与借鉴

Reference from the System of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in UK to China

本文在简要阐述英国承认与执行外国法院判决制度的基础上,针对我国现行制度的不足与缺陷,梳理出英国承认与执行外国法院判决制度对我国的启示与借鉴,认为可以在总体立法模式方面选择国际公约—互惠原则的立法—国内立法的模式;详细阐述了在承认与执行外国法院判决的具体条件方面的可资借鉴之处,例如我国可以采取"专属管辖排除方式"确立外国法院判决应当具有合格的管辖权作为首要满足性条件;终局性原则可以细化为具有执行力的确定的判决;欺诈可以确立为排除性条件之一,公共政策作为一种"司法策略"的排除性条件应当慎用,自然正义的排除性条件可以借鉴为程序公正的具体条件,等等;在执行程序方面我国可以采取登记方式或简易程序,等等;在立法政策方面我国可以借鉴英国限制当事人适用抗辩的立法政策以及创造性地适用互惠原则,降低外国法院判决在我国的执行门槛。

The paper makes a brief introduction to the system of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in UK.Based on the defects in the relevant existing legislations of China,it puts up detailed references from UK.China should choose the model of international convention—legislation on reciprocal enforcement—domestic legislations;referring to the detailed satisfaction and precluding conditions to the foreign judgments,China should establish the competent jurisdiction of foreign judgments as the first condition by stipulating the method as'precluding special jurisdiction';as for the principle of conclusiveness,China should detail it as enforceable judgment;considering the condition of fraud,China should establish it as an exclusive condition;as to public policy,China should use it carefully as a safety judicial tool.Natural injustice can also be introduced in China as procedure justice.As to enforcing methods,China should adopt the methods as simple procedure and the way of registration;and as to the legislation policy,China should refer to the UK way by adopting the methods as restricting the defenses of the defendant and the principle of reciprocal enforcement creatively to increase the degree of enforcement of foreign judgments in China.