国际海运反恐立法趋势及我国的对策

Tendency of Anti-terrorism Legislation in International Ocean Shipping and China's Countermeasures

海上恐怖主义是具有政治目的的海上恐怖组织或海上恐怖分子以暴力手段,从事危害海洋安全,危害船舶以及船上财产和人身安全,危害港口设施安全的恐怖活动。"9·11"事件后,由于美国在全球构筑反恐体系,恐怖组织在陆地上的生存空间和活动范围已被大大压缩,不设防的海洋开始成为恐怖活动组织的攻击目标。为此美国积极进行海运反恐立法,国际海事组织、世界海关组织、国际劳工组织等国际组织针对海运反恐的特殊性也制定了一系列的海运反恐国际条约。这些国内立法和国际条约基本上反映了国际海运反恐的立法趋势。我国是海运强国,也是贸易大国,海运反恐势在必行。但我国的海运反恐立法现状不容乐观,立法缺陷十分明显,为此,我国应积极进行国际合作,提高海运反恐的立法层次,重构海运反恐的立法格局。

Terrorism at sea means that terrorist organization or terrorists with political aims and with method of violence engage in terrorist activities to endanger ocean,vessel, property and life on vessels and port.After the event of 9·11,the survival room and activity scope of terrorist organization at land was greatly compressed since America built the global anti-terrorism system.Thus,the sea without any defence became the aims attacked by terrorist organization.So America actively makes laws,and IMO,WCO and ILO also stipulate a series of international treaties concerning anti-terrorism on ocean shipping.These domestic laws and international treaties generally reflect tendency of anti- terrorism legislation in international ocean shipping.Our country is powerful nation on ocean shipping and trade and it is necessary to engage in anti-terrorism on ocean shipping. But there are very obvious defects about anti-terrorism law on ocean carriage in our country.Therefore our country should actively cooperate with other countries,heighten the level of legislation and rebuild the legal pattern.