对海外投资的外交保护——国际法院关于迪亚洛案(初步反对意见)的判决评析

Diplomatic Protection in Foreign Investment-Comments on the ICJ's Judgment in the Case Concerning Ahmadou Sadio Diallo

允许外国投资者直接利用国际仲裁解决其与东道国间投资争议。是现代国际投资法发展的一个趋势。但投资者本国的外交保护对于海外投资仍具有重要意义。国籍原则和用尽当地救济是两个公认的行使外交保护的限制条件。对两个条件的解释和适用,是国际法院2007年5月迪亚洛案(初步反对意见)判决的核心内容。判决总结了自巴塞罗那公司案以来三十余年国际法实践,又一次阐述了外交保护制度的习惯国际法规则。它对于我国加强对海外投资的外交保护,具有不可忽视的指导作用。

Despite the development of investor-state dispute resolution mechanisms in contemporary international law,the diplomatic protection still plays an important role in the protection of foreign investment.The ICJ's Judgment in the Case Concerning Ahmadou Sadio Diallo is a further explanation of the customary international law after the Barcelona Traction Case,specially in respect of the existence of a customary rule allowing diplomatic protection'by substitution'on behalf of companies against the state of incorporation.