美国《非洲增长与机遇法案》述评

Review of the African Growth and Opportunity Act of US

《非洲增长与机遇法案》(AGOA)是美国特惠贸易待遇体制的重要组成部分。从立法背景来看,AGOA是美国对非政策的历史演变的结果,体现了美国政府对非洲大陆的战略价值的日益重视。AGOA项下的受惠国、受惠产品都需符合相应的条件。AGOA促进了受惠国的出口贸易,但同时也存在若干不足;AGOA项下的纺织品和服装条款受制于过于严格的原产地规则,实施效果比较有限;AGOA在WTO多边贸易体制内恐难获得义务豁免,同时与"授权条款"也有不符之处。中国应借鉴AGOA的经验与教训,构建适当的对外援助政策体系。

African Growth and Opportunity Act(AGOA) is an important component of American Preferential Trading Arrangement.From the perspective of legislative background,AGOA resulted from historical development of American policy towards Africa and demonstrated the American government's growing attention paid to the strategic value of African Continent.The eligible countries and products under AGOA should meet specific requirements.AGOA enhanced the economic development of beneficiary countries.However,some defects still remained.The textile and apparel provision under AGOA were subject to rigor rules of origins and resulted in limited efficiency.Under the WTO multilateral trade system,a waiver is unlikely to be granted to AGOA and AGOA is also inconsisitent with the Enabling Clause.China should establish appropriate aid policy system towards foreign countries by referring to the experiences and lessons of AGOA.