文化遗产国际法保护的历史回顾与展望

International Legal Protection of Cultural Heritage:Retrospect and Prospect

文化遗产国际法保护是在战争造成文化遗产毁损的历史背景下产生的。1954年《武装冲突情况下保护文化财产公约》形成了比较系统而具体的文化遗产保护制度,是文化遗产国际法保护发展中的里程碑。20世纪中叶以来,文化遗产国际法保护在保护体系、保护原则、保护范围、保护模式等方面不断发展,并呈现出保护理念科学化、法律渊源多元化、保护手段趋硬化、国内国际保护机制趋同化的发展趋势。

International law for protecting cultural heritage was generated under the historical background of war-damaged cultural heritage.The 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict has formed a relatively systematic and specific cultural heritage protection system,and is a milestone in the development of international legal protection of cultural heritage.Since the mid-twentieth century,international law for protecting cultural heritage has developed continuously in many aspects such as protective systems,principles,scopes as well as models,and has showed the trends of scientific protection ideas,diversity of legal sources,increasingly strong means of protection,convergence of domestic and international protection mechanisms.