论《鹿特丹规则》批量合同下的货方利益保护

On the Protection of Cargo Interests under Volume Contract of the Rotterdam Rules

《鹿特丹规则》为批量合同建立了不同于以往国际海上货物运输公约的法律制度,突破了自《海牙规则》以来传统的海上货物运输合同法强制性体制,有可能威胁到相对而言实力较弱的货方的利益。为了保护货方利益,《鹿特丹规则》对批量合同中的背离条款进行了形式限制和实质限制,并为批量合同的第三方提供了保护措施。《鹿特丹规则》关于批量合同的规定从货方利益保护角度看尚有不足之处,其从私法角度进行的制度设计也难以完全满足批量合同货方利益保护的要求,需要有关国家的国内法从公法角度为货方利益保护进行相应的制度安排。

The Rotterdam Rules establish rules that are different from traditional conventions of international carriage of goods by sea for volume contract,which break the mandatory regime established since Hague Rules and may threat cargo interests.To protect cargo interests,the Rotterdam Rules provide both formal and substantive limitations for derogation clauses in volume contracts.Particularly,the Rotterdam Rules provide protective measures for the third parties under volume contracts.However,from the point of safeguarding cargo interests,there are some defects in the text of the Rotterdam Rules. Also,the protection that the Convention provides is not enough,thus potential contracting states of the Convention should further provide protection for cargo interests under volume contracts through domestic legislation in public laws.