中国特色新型城镇化理论内涵的认知与建构

Cognition and construction of the theoretical connotation for new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics

改革开放以来,中国快速城镇化既推动经济社会大发展,也面临巨大挑战。跨学科视野下,围绕城镇化问题的争论和持续研究对国家新型城镇化规划产生重要影响,也标志着中国城镇化方向的重大调整。但对中国特色新型城镇化的科学认知和理论挖掘仍不充分。本文归纳了中国城镇化发展的简要历程,指出半城镇化、特殊国情、复杂因素及治理体系交织的中国城镇化特征,阐明了中国城镇化对世界的巨大贡献,论述作为最显著的人文空间过程的城镇化对人文与经济地理学的学科意义,并解读了新型城镇化认知与建构的4个方面理论内涵:人本性、协同性、包容性和可持续性。伴随结构主义向人本主义发展理念的转变,新型城镇化应逐步实现从"人口城镇化"到"人的城镇化"的转变,其中有6个关键议题:人的城镇化与基本公共服务均等化、城镇化城乡综合过程与协同研究、资源环境承载与气候变化适应下的城镇化、多样化区域模式、城镇化人文社会空间效应及机制、大数据与技术方法创新。本文尝试构建中国特色的新型城镇化理论内涵的认知框架,以期为新型城镇化理论研究和政策实践提供借鉴。

Since the reform and opening up,China’s rapid urbanization has boosted the development of economy and society,but it is also confronted with tremendous challenges.The multidisciplinary research has promoted the issue of National New-type Urbanization Planning,which indicates the transformation of China’s urbanization strategy.Further research,however,is needed to explore the theoretical construction of China’s new-type urbanization.The paper summarizes the development process of China’s urbanization and points out its characteristics,which includes peri-urbanization,special national conditions,complicated factors and governance system.China’s urbanization makes a great contribution to the world.Moreover,the literature demonstrates the significance of urbanization to the discipline of human and economic geography and the scientific connotations of new-type urbanization,which refers to peiple-oriented,harmonious,inclusive and sustainable.Under the background of the humanism transformation,new-type urbanization should transform from population urbanization to people-oriented urbanization.There are six crucial scientific issues:people-oriented urbanization and equalization of basic public services,urbanization with integrated and coordinated development of urban and rural,urbanization in the context of resources and environment carrying capability and climate change,diverse regional modes,spatial effect and mechanism,as well as big data and innovation of technical methods.The paper makes efforts to illustrate a framework of China’s new-type urbanization connotation,which provides references for theoretical research and policy formulation.