中国主体功能区核心—边缘结构解析

The core-periphery structure of Major Function Zones in China

中国主体功能区划作为一张综合展示未来中国国土开发与保护格局的前景图,实际上是城市化地区、农业发展地区和生态安全地区三者按照一定法则和规律构成并演化着,维持着中国国土开发的有序性。本文以城市化地区、农业发展地区和生态安全地区三者比例关系、采用特征点—轴—面—向量测度核心—边缘结构的整体格局和内部结构差异,从自然地理空间分异、社会经济空间组织和功能区相互作用三个维度解析。结果表明,全国各个省域普遍存在核心—边缘结构,即城市化地区、农业发展地区和生态安全地区三者的比例关系随着到核心的距离呈现圈层式的空间分异规律,但核心位置、轴线走向、边缘功能属性、内部功能占比等有所差异。西部省份以城市化、农业发展和生态安全圈层分异明显,几乎所有的生态安全地区被指向为边缘地区;中部省份边缘区域农业发展占比有所增加,而沿海省份普遍存在多个核心,城市化地区主导核心区域。通过因素解析可知,主体功能区核心—边缘结构由自然地理空间分异、社会经济空间组织和区域空间联系等综合作用产生。西部省份核心—边缘受主要地理界线影响较大,东部平原地区核心—边缘受已有城镇体系结构、社会经济的布局、区域联系强度影响较大。自然地理环境约束越弱的区域,社会经济发展以及区域联系强度的影响愈加显著。

China’s Major Function Zoning,a prospective map comprehensively envisioning China’s future conservation and development pattern,actually tells how urbanization areas,agricultural development areas and ecological security areas coordinate and evolve together to maintain the territorial development order in China,right in accordance with certain principles and rules.In this paper,the overall pattern and internal differences of the core-periphery structure are gauged by a feature point-axis-area-vector method in the proportion of the three areas,with an analysis in physiographical spatial differentiation,socio-economic spatial organization and interactions between the function zones.The result shows that the coreperiphery structure is prevalent in all provinces of China:the local proportions of urbanization areas,agricultural development areas and ecological security areas follow a circling layer pattern spatially differentiated against the distances to the regional core,while the structure is complicated by differences in core location,axis direction,function attribute of edge area and internal function proportion.Through analysis of relevant factors,it can be concluded that the core-periphery structure of major function zones develops out of combined effects of physiographical spatial differentiation,socio-economic spatial organization and regional spatial connection.The core-periphery of the provinces of western China is greatly influenced by the main physiographical boundaries,while that of the eastern plains is primarily affected by existing urban system structure,socio-economic layout,and inter-regional connection strength.Where the natural geographical constraint is weaker,local socio-economic development and regional spatial connection affect the region more significantly.