集中充电模式下的电动汽车调频策略

Frequency Regulation Strategy for Electric Vehicles with Centralized Charging

由集中充电站、充换电站、配送站、充电桩等有机组成的电动汽车智能充换电网络建设是应对人口密集地区电动汽车规模化发展的一种较为合理的商业模式。针对集中充电统一配送这种换电模式,考虑到电力市场环境下电力价格不确定性对电动汽车集中充电站有序充电及提供调频容量服务决策的影响,基于对调频容量调用比例和电池损耗成本的分析,构建了单向和双向两种能量传输模式下,电动汽车集中充电站在日前能量市场和日前调频市场协同调度的鲁棒优化模型,以合理制定次日各交易时段的充电计划与所提供的调频服务容量。之后,采用IBM公司开发的高效商业求解器CPLEX 12.2对所发展的鲁棒优化模型进行求解。最后,以一个为8个电池配送站提供充电服务的集中充电站为例,说明了所发展的模型与方法的基本特征。

The construction of an intelligent battery charging and swapping network,which includes centralized charging stations,battery charging and swapping stations,battery distribution stations and charging spots,is considered as a reasonable business model to cope with the popularization of electric vehicles in densely inhabited districts. In electricity market environment,the uncertainty of electricity prices may have significant impacts on the decision-making process of the centralized charging station.In order to formulate a coordinated charging strategy and determine the proper frequency regulation capacity in each trading hour of the day-ahead market,the dispatching ratio of the contracted frequency regulation capacity and the battery degradation cost are first analyzed.In the framework of the centralized charging and unified distribution battery swapping mode,novel robust optimization models for both unidirectional and bidirectional energy transfer modes are then presented respectively to solve the coordinated dispatching problem of the centralized charging station with the market price uncertainties considered.Afterwards,the highly efficient commercial solver developed by the IBM Corporation,namely CPLEX 12.2,is employed to solve the developed robust optimization model.Finally,a test system of a centralized charging station,providing charging services to eight affiliated battery distribution stations, is employed to illustrate the basic characteristics of the presented model and solving method.