中国生产性服务业外向功能空间格局及分形特征

Spatial pattern and fractal characteristics of producer services' external function in China

从城市经济基础理论出发,采用Zipf法则和差异度指数,分析2003-2011年中国省域尺度和城市尺度下的生产性服务业外向功能空间格局、等级体系及分形演化特征。结论表明:中国生产性服务业外向功能空间差异明显,不同尺度上均呈极化趋势,外向功能差距扩大;省域尺度上,对外服务流高度集中于北京、上海,空间演化形成新疆、山东、河南、湖北、重庆、贵州、云南、江西和福建9个省份外向功能较弱;城市尺度上形成若干个外向功能密集区,集中分布在东部沿海及东北地区,呈现出不同的空间结构特征并且特征变化明显。省域尺度和城市尺度生产性服务业对外服务流的位序规模分布均符合Zipf定律,省域尺度呈单分形特征,城市尺度呈双分形特征;第一无标度区对外服务流等级规模均衡性略优于省域尺度的均衡性。城市尺度第二无标度区和无效标度区城市均为本地服务中心城市,内部结构体系变化显著并且城市间外向功能差距扩大。外向功能城市可以划分为五级,高等级服务中心外向功能提升较快,不同规模等级服务中心之间差距在扩大。

Using the Zipf's law and differentiated index, we analyze the spatial pattern, size hierarchy and fractal evolution of producer services' external function at provincial and city scales of China from 2003 to 2011, which are based on urban basic economic theory.Conclusions can be drawn as follows: The external functions of China's producer services have significantly differences, which show a trend of polarization at different scales, and widen the gaps among the external functions of different provinces and cities. At provincial scale, nine provincial units which are Xinjiang, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan,Jiangxi and Fujian, do not have external function; at city scale, they generate a number of intensive areas of external function, which are mainly in the northeastern China and eastern coastal China and present different spatial structures and obvious changes in the characteristics,that is to say, the spatial hierarchical structure in the eastern China is better than that in the central and western China. The rank- size distributions of the producer services' external function at provincial and city scales comply with Zipf's law, however, they are characterized by single fractal at provincial scale and dual fractals at city scale; the grade equilibrium of the external service flow in the first scale area is slightly better than that at the provincial scale.The second and ineffective scale areas are central centers of local service, showing a significant change in the internal structure of the system and widening the gap among the urban external functions. External function cities can be divided into five types of service centers. High-grade service centers' external function are improving faster than that of other types, and the gaps are widening among different size hierarchy service centers.