城市历史文化旅游地的小尺度空间结构及关联——以南京夫子庙景区为例

Micro-scale spatial structure and spatial associations of urban historical and cultural tourism destinations:A case study of Confucius Temple, Nanjing

旅游地小尺度空间结构研究可以全面而系统地考察旅游地在旅游发展中空间形态发生的变化,指导旅游地的建筑、业态及相关环境的规划、保护与更新。运用空间句法理论探讨空间结构与社会关系,以南京夫子庙景区为例,从通道、景点与商铺等要素及其间的空间关联解读城市历史文化旅游地的小尺度空间结构。结果表明:夫子庙这一类城市历史文化旅游地的道路针对游客、内部居民和城市人群等群体明显分化为三类道路,三类道路在空间区位、空间句法值、使用人群上有所差别;桥梁在空间中起着非常重要的联通作用;景点的分布主要沿传统中轴线形成小范围集聚,与路网的通达性并未一一对应。传统中轴线和重点吸引物经过多年的配套和演变仍处于一个空间核心位置,这一地方性空间的独特性体现了夫子庙这一类历史文化街区仍受到中国传统礼制的影响。小尺度地区景点的空间分布极大地影响着游客的行走路径。最后,对旅游地较低的空间理解度和景点与道路之间的低关联性提出了对应的规划、保护与更新策略。

This study attempts to examine the micro-scale spatial structure and spatial associations of urban historical and cultural tourism destinations by using space syntax and kernel density analysis. Taking the Confucius Temple scenic spot(area) as a typical case of urban historical and cultural tourism destinations, this study analyzes the spatial structure of destination elements, including scenic attractions, transportation and retail stores. Spatial associations of these elements are also analyzed. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: The overall spatial configuration of the Confucius Temple scenic spot has very high global integration values and strong correlations with traffic capacity. The correlation coefficient of global integration values and path width values is at the same level with the correlation coefficient of global integration values and traffic capacity. However, the values of intelligibility of this destination are slightly low. This low intelligibility causes tourists' easily getting lost within this area. The linkage of bridges is of great importance and significance in the Confucius Temple. Roads in this urban historical and cultural tourism destination can be clearly divided into three categories by the space syntax value of roads, users and spatial locations. The three categories of roads are linkage roads, enclosed roads, and production roads. Tourism attractions in this urban historical and cultural tourism destination are'crowded'in some specific area and do not have a strong spatial association relationship with the accessibility of the roads. However, kernel density analysis indicates that the spatial distribution of attraction kernel density can match the traditional central axis of this urban historical and cultural tourism destination. This accessibility of this traditional central axis is at the top among this area. This spatial relationship and accessibility of traditional central axis indicate that the Confucius Temple area is still affected by Chinese traditional Confucianism. Compared with road accessibility, the travel route selection of tourists depends more on the value of attractions in micro-scale tourism space. The layout of retail stores is more widely dispersed in tourism destinations than in tourism attractions. This may be mainly affected by road accessibility and radiation range of tourism attractions. This study also proposes some optimal adjustment and policy to promote such lower spatial intelligibility and lower spatial correlations between roads accessibility and tourism attractions in the Confucius Temple area.