制造业企业区位选择集聚经济指向的空间效应

Location selection and spatial effects of agglomeration economy in manufacturing enterprises

集聚经济指向是中国制造业企业区位选择的重要特征,同时企业的选址决策通常受到集聚经济的空间效应影响。因此,尝试使用空间泊松模型探讨中国制造业企业区位选择集聚经济指向的空间效应。结果表明:①地方化经济和城市化经济均存在显著的空间效应,但空间效应的作用要弱于本地效应。②地方化经济和城市化经济的空间效应是不同的,前者存在溢出效应,后者则为阴影效应。③地方化经济和城市化经济的正向影响尺度也存在差异,前者正向影响尺度较大,而后者正向影响仅限于本地。④集聚经济的本地效应和空间效应存在行业差异,其强度存在正相关。

As we all know, agglomeration economy is one of the key factor affecting the location choice of enterprises. It can be divided into localization and urbanization. Enterprises benefit from localization and urbanization are different. Localization originates from industry size but urbanization originates from city size. Many researches have explored the mechanism of the two and their impact on different industries, and a series of meaningful conclusions have been drawn. However, spatial effect is important to enterprises’ decision making, while scholars pay little attention to it, such as whether the impact of agglomeration economy has spillover effect in space, how large the scale of the effect is, whether the relationship is spatially different. Therefore, this paper improves the traditional location selection model to a spatial model, and studies the spatial effect of location selection of manufacturing enterprises. Based on the spatial poisson models, this paper discusses the spatial dependence of location selection and agglomeration economies and manufacturing industry enterprises location selection in China. It is found that both localization and urbanization have significant spatial effects, but the spatial effect is weaker than the direct effect. The results show that:(1) There are significant spatial effects in both localization and urbanization, but the spatial effects are weaker than the direct effects.(2) The spatial effects of localization and urbanization are different. The former has spillover effect, while the latter has shadow effect.(3) There are also differences in the scale of positive impact between localization and urbanization. The former has a larger scale of positive impact, while the latter is limited to local areas.(4) There are industry differences in the direct and spatial effects of agglomeration economy, and their intensity is positively correlated.