生态地貌学研究体系及其功能提升探讨

Research system and function promotion of ecological geomorphology

地球表层是人类生存的家园,地表形态直接或间接影响人类生活、生产和社会经济活动。地貌学和生态学是与人类关系密切的学科。自然实体与人文实体都依附于地表,研究生态与地貌关系的科学便统称为生态地貌学,直接影响人类生存选址、生存保障、生产方向、产业布局、交通、城乡建设等,因此,生态地貌学是保障人类生存与社会经济可持续协调发展的基础性与应用性极强的学科,是国家实现生态文明战略的基础性学科。生态地貌学研究生态与地貌两者相互作用形成的生态地貌综合实体,学科体系包含地貌基础学科、生态基础学科及其相互作用形成的生态地貌学科。生态地貌学科下又包含生态地貌区划学、生态地貌类型学、生态地貌资源学、生态地貌岩态学、生态地貌遥感与GIS技术、生态地貌管理与规划等分支学科,是目前仍然属于探索性的学科。生态地貌结构可表达为:由地貌与生物成分、类型、区域组合、数量构成及其空间排列组合方式。从生态地貌结构理论出发,对其功能进行系统梳理,主要可以归纳为区域结构、类型结构、资源结构、岩态结构等多种类型。不同结构类型具有不同的功能,主要功能有提升中国自然地理区划质量与空间定位功能、生态评估与生态设计功能、土地利用评估与利用结构调整功能、地质地貌灾害成因和防灾减灾对策功能等。故该研究意在实现生态地貌功能间协调、高效可持续,通过对各功能进行整合,形成功能体系,并从调控管理上提出了提升功能能力的设计路径。

The earth’s surface is the survival home for human beings, and especially the surface patterns can directly or indirectly affect human life, production, and social and economic activities.Both geomorphology and ecology are closely related to human beings. Natural and human entities are both attached to the earth’s surface. Therefore, the subject is collectively called ecological geomorphology. No subject is more closely related to human beings than ecological geomorphology. It directly influences human survival location, survival guarantee, production direction, industrial layout, transportation, urban and rural construction, and so on. Therefore,the study of ecological geomorphology is a basic and applied subject, which is to ensure the sustainable and coordinated development of human survival and social economy, and to realize the strategy of ecological civilization. Ecological geomorphology is a subject that studies the relationship between ecology and geomorphology. The subject system includes geomorphological basic disciplines, ecological basic disciplines and ecological geomorphological disciplines formed by their interaction. The subject also contains ecological geomorphological regionalization, ecological geomorphological typology, ecological geomorphological resources, ecological geomorphological petrology, remote sensing and GIS technology for ecological geomorphology, and ecological geomorphological management and planning, which is still being explored. The ecological and geomorphological structure can be expressed as follows: geomorphologic and biological composition,types, regional combination, quantitative composition and its spatial arrangement and combination.Based on the theory of ecological and geomorphological structure, this paper systematically summarizes its function. To sum up, the eco-geomorphological structure includes regional structure, type structure, resource structure and rock state structure. Different sructural types have different functions, including improvement of the quality of China’s physiographical regionalization and spatial positioning, ecological assessment and ecological design, land use assessment and utilization structure adjustment, geological and geomorphological disaster causes and disaster prevention and reduction countermeasures. In order to achieve the coordination between function and sustainable benefits, the authors have made a whole set of function, formed a functional system, and put forward a design path to improve functional capability from the perspective of regulation and management.