江苏省土地利用功能变化及其空间格局特征

Land use functions change and its spatial pattern in Jiangsu province from 2000 to 2015

面对资源约束与生态环境破坏的双重压力以及经济发展与社会稳定的双重需要,优化国土空间开发格局已成为中国经济社会可持续发展的重要任务。土地利用作为国土空间开发的核心载体,研究其利用过程中形成的各项功能效应及其变化特征,有利于摸清国土空间开发中的症结与问题。以江苏省为实证,立足区域国土空间发展目标,构建包含农业生产、城镇生活、生态维护等3项一级功能以及9项二级功能的土地利用功能分类体系,以1 km×1 km空间格网为评价单元,运用经济社会数据空间化方法以及InVEST、RUSLE等模型方法,综合测度2000年和2015年两个时间断面下江苏省各项土地利用功能及其变化,分析土地利用功能变化特征,总结土地利用功能变化模式及成因,并划分功能变化分区。结果表明:①2000-2015年,江苏省农业生产功能西增东减;南部地区城镇生活功能增强明显高于中北部地区;各项生态维护功能变化特征差异显著。②江苏省农业生产功能与生态维护功能变化存在协同关系,与城镇生活功能变化存在权衡关系。③江苏省土地利用功能变化可划分为西南丘陵综合功能提升区、太湖平原生产功能减弱区、沿江平原生活功能增强区等8个类型区,各分区功能变化主导模式存在差异。

Under the dual pressures of resource constraint and ecological environment destruction, it has become an important task for China to optimize territorial space development pattern, which aims at simultaneously satisfying the demands of economic development and social stability to fulfill the sustainable development. Since land use is the core carrier of territorial space development, it is helpful to study the effects and its characteristics emerged in the process of land use to identify the problems and cruxes of territorial space development. This study took Jiangsu province as an example, and established the classification system of land use functions(LUFs) based on the targets of regional territorial space development. The system contains three first-level functions, i.e., agricultural production function(APF), urban living function(ULF) and ecological maintenance function(EMF), and nine second-level functions. Then, an assessment was conducted on LUF in the years of 2000 and 2015 as well as its change from 2000 to 2015 in Jiangsu province by the unit of 1 km×1 km, respectively. The methods used contained statistical data spatialization method,InVEST, and RUSLE. Based on this, we summarized the change characteristics and patterns of LUFs, and analyzed the causes for different LUF change patterns. Finally, we divided Jiangsu province into different partitions in terms of the change of LUFs. The results showed that:(1)APF increased in western Jiangsu and decreased in eastern Jiangsu from 2000 to 2015. ULF increased more significantly in southern Jiangsu than in central and northern Jiangsu, and each function of EMF has different change characteristics in different regions.(2) The change of APF and EMF showed collaborative relevance, and the change of APF and ULF showed tradeoff relevance in Jiangsu province.(3) In general, we divided Jiangsu province into eight subareas for the change of LUFs, including Southwest Hilly Areas-Comprehensive function increased zone, Taihu Lake Plain-Production function decreased zone, and Living function increased zone along the Yangtze River Plain. Different areas had different dominant change patterns of LUFs.