长江沿江地区化工产业空间格局演化及影响因素

Spatial evolution of chemical industry and its influencing factors in the regions along the Yangtze River

基于企业数据和空间计量方法,探讨了长江沿江地区2000—2013年化工产业空间格局演化及影响因素。结果表明:化工产业主要分布在上海市和江苏沿江地区;中上游部分地区化工产业呈现明显的增长势头,由3个主要热点区发展到20余个不同规模大小的分布热点,成为化工产业新兴"增长极";城市主城区化工产业减少而远郊区县增加,分布热点变化也反映了化工产业"郊区化""园区化"的过程;相对低端基础的行业呈现集聚趋势,其中肥料业集聚明显;相对高端精细的行业呈现扩散趋势,其中合成材料业分散化明显;地区化工产业增长受到环境规制、外商投资、交通区位等因素显著影响,外商投资和交通区位具有显著的促进作用,而环境规制呈现显著的抑制效果。

Layout of industrial activity has always been the hot topic in research field of economic geography.With environmental problems arousing people’s more and more attention and the concept of environmental economic geography being proposed in recent years,industrial layout especially pollution intensive industrial layout from the perspective of environmental regulation is of great significance.Chemical industry including petrochemical industry(hereinafter referred to as chemical industry)is not only an important basic industry sector to support economic development and national defense construction,but also the typical pollution intensive industries which are sensitive to environmental regulation.The regions along the Yangtze River(including 27 cities,from Yibin to Shanghai)are considered as the study area of this paper,where typical cities and manufacturing industry belt in China are located.Based on the chemical enterprises data and spacial measurement methods,chemical industrial spatial evolution and its influencing factors in the study area from 2000 to 2013 are discussed.The results show that the main chemical industries in the regions along the Yangtze River are located in the Yangtze River Delta especially in the regions surrounding the Taihu Lake.Chemical industry production share of urban counties was greatly reduced and that of its suburban counties along the Yangtze River was raised which reflects the suburbanization process of chemical industry from urban areas to suburbs.Main foci of enterprises are located in Shanghai and cities along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu province where enterprise hot spots are concentrated.Enterprise hot-spots in middle and upper regions along the Yangtze River developed from three regions(i.e.Wuhan urban area,Chongqing urban area and Changshou)in 2000 to more than 20 regions with different sizes including Yunxi and Dongzhi in 2010 and 2013,which are new growth poles of chemical industry.The sectors of relatively low technology dependence,low value-added products and intensive environmental pollution tend to be concentrated(e.g.fertilizer sector),whereas relatively high-end and fine sectors show a trend of diffusion(e.g.synthetic material).Chemical industrial spatial layout and evolution are affected by factors of environmental regulation,foreign direct investment and traffic location,among which environmental regulation shows significant inhibition effect on growth of chemical industry,and foreign investment and traffic location present significant promoting effect.