灾难地居民集体记忆、地方认同、地方保护意愿关系研究——以汶川地震北川老县城为例

The relationships among post-disaster collective memory, place identity and place protection intention of local residents: A case study of Wenchuan earthquake ruined town of Beichuan

从记忆地理和地方感角度,探讨2008年汶川地震重灾区北川老县城的人地关系。通过定性与定量相结合的方法,研究了灾后居民集体记忆的维度,探讨了灾后集体记忆、地方认同、地方保护意愿的特征。运用结构方程模型,揭示了灾后集体记忆(灾难记忆、创伤情感、抗灾记忆、观念启示、怀旧记忆)、地方认同、地方保护之间的关系。研究显示,灾后积极的抗灾记忆、观念启示、怀旧记忆对于提升地方认同具有显著影响,而地方认同对于提升地方保护意愿具有显著影响。结果对于了解居民灾难心理、地方感、灾后行为有一定帮助,对于灾后遗址保护有一定借鉴意义。

This paper proceeds from the perceptive of memory geography and sense of place to explore the post-disaster human-place relationship in old Beichuan county town which was the worst-affected area of Wenchuan earthquake in 2008.Using means of qualitative and quantitative methods,it discovers the dimensions of post-disaster memory from the vernacular perspective,and finds the extent of dimensions of post-disaster collective memories,place identity and place protection intention of local survivors.Meanwhile,via using the structural equation modeling,it explores the relationship among collective memory,place identity and place protection intention in post-disaster period.The results show that local survivors’collective memory is multi-dimensions,mainly including disaster memory,traumatic emotion,memory of fighting against disasters,enlightenment learned from disaster,and nostalgic memory of home town.It also uncovers that the positive aspects of collective memory(memory of fighting disasters,enlightenment learned from disaster,nostalgic memory of home town)have significant impacts on improving place identity,and place identity has a significant positive impact on place protection intentions while,the negative aspects of collective memory(disaster memory and traumatic emotions)do not have significant impacts on reducing local place identity.This paper discusses the dimensions of post-disaster collective memory and reveals the effect of factor contributing to place identity and the mechanism of post-disaster collective memories on place identity.It also proves that collective memory-place identityplace protection intention is an effective new approach to understanding the local survivors’psychological experiences and the contradiction and complex aspect of post-disaster humanplace relationship.This makes up the shortage in the field of sense of disaster and post-disaster experiences in human geography in China.The results are of some help in understanding the disaster psychology and post-disaster recovery of local residents,and can be referred in the field of quake ruin planning and protection projects.