苏南不同类型传统村落乡村性评价及特征研究——基于苏州12个传统村落的调查

The rurality appraisal and characteristics of different types of traditional villages in southern Jiangsu province:Based on surveys of 12 traditional villages in Suzhou

乡村性作为乡村的本质属性,是村落得以存续的关键。在面临剧烈的内外部重组与分化中,传统村落乡村性受到了不同程度的损坏、忽视甚至埋没。以苏州12个国家传统村落为研究对象,根据发展路径将其划分四类,并通过构建传统村落乡村性评价指标体系对其进行乡村性评价。研究表明:苏州传统村落乡村性基本保持较高水平,但不同发展路径村落乡村性构成特征各异。传统技艺型村落在产业驱动下乡村性得到均衡增强,旅游发展型村落在片面激活中产生乡村性极化,综合开发型村落的自我探索维系着均衡的乡村性,生活服务型村落在城乡互动中面临乡村性衰败危险。传统村落的保护与发展要以乡村性的整体均衡提升为导向,选择适宜的发展路径。

As an essential attribute,rurality is the key to the survival of the villages.However,in the face of intense internal and external restructuring and differentiation,their rurality has been damaged,neglected or even buried in different degrees.This paper takes 12 traditional villages in Suzhou as the research objects,divides them into four categories according to the development paths,and constructs an index system of traditional villages to evaluate their own rurality.The result shows that the traditional villages in Suzhou have basically maintained a high level in rurality.But the compositions of rurality in different development paths have different characteristics.Rurality of skill-based villages is enhanced and balanced,which is driven by industry.Rurality of tourism development villages is polarized in one-sided activation.Selfexploration of comprehensive development villages maintains balanced rurality.And life service-oriented villages face the danger of rurality decay in urban-rural interaction.It is believed that the protection and development of traditional villages should be guided by the overall balanced improvement of rurality and choose an appropriate development path.