黄山市土地出让区位选择空间特征与影响因素研究

Spatial location characteristics and influencing factors of urban land transfer in Huangshan city

随着全国旅游业快速发展和城镇化进程加速推进,旅游城市土地投资和开发日益强盛。以典型旅游城市黄山市为案例,以1870宗城市出让用地为样本,采用数理统计、GIS空间分析等方法,分析其土地出让区位选择空间特征与影响因素。研究发现:(1)商服、住宅、工业三类用地与用地总和的出让均属于凝聚型空间分布状态,分布均衡度均较低。(2)城市东南部和区县城区是土地出让热点集中地区,城市外围地域是冷点集中地区。住宅用地热点地区主要集中于城市近郊、重要旅游区周围;工业用地热点地区主要集中于开发区、工业园区和重要交通沿线;商服用地热点区域主要集中于城市商业集聚区、大型公共设施和旅游景区周围、重要交通设施附近。(3)土地出让区位选择呈点状集聚、线状网络并存,表现为'东南部分布密度较高、西北部分布密度较低''中心城区密集、外围区县稀疏,县城密集、一般乡镇分散''交通指向显著、呈带状分布'布局特征。(4)土地出让区位选择涉及城镇化推动的城市内生型、自然环境优美的资源依托型、要素流动便利的交通指向型和集聚经济优势的开发区集中型四种选择模式。(5)土地出让区位选择是自然条件、人口经济发展水平、政策制度、城镇化建设、交通设施、旅游发展等因素综合作用的结果,也是政府、企业、居民等不同主体相互作用与博弈的结果。地形对土地出让区位选择的空间约束性和指向性显著;土地出让与人口规模、经济发展水平有较高匹配度;土地政策、城市规划对用地出让的规模和方向有重要影响;交通和旅游快速发展对于土地出让具有明显影响。

With the continuous tourism development and the urbanization acceleration,tourism city land investment and development is increasingly strong.Taking Huangshan city,a typical tourist city,as an example,and based on the data of 1870 urban land transfers,this paper analyzed the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of land transfer location selection by using the methods of mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis.The results show that:(1)Commercial service,residential,industrial land and total land transfer are all in a cohesive spatial distribution,and the degree of distribution equilibrium is low.(2)The hotspots of land transfer are concentrated in the southeast and the central parts of districts/counties,while the cold spots are in the periphery of cities.The hotspots of residential land are mainly distributed in the suburbs and major tourist areas.The hotspots of industrial land are mainly concentrated in development zones,industrial parks and important traffic routes.The hotspots of commercial service land are mainly concentrated in commercial business district,large-scale public facilities and tourist attractions and important transportation facilities.(3)The location selection of land transfer is characterized by point agglomeration and linear network,which is characterized by'higher density in the southeast and lower density in the northwest','central urban area is dense,peripheral areas are sparse,county towns are dense,and general towns are sparse','trafficoriented agglomeration and distribution along the traffic'.(4)Based on the spatial location characteristics of land transfer,the location choice of land transfer can be identified into four modes:Urbanization-driven urban endogenous mode,resource-based mode with beautiful natural environment,traffic-oriented mode with high accessibility,development zone centralized mode with agglomeration economy.(5)The location choice of land transfer is the result of the comprehensive effects of natural conditions,the level of population and economic development,policy system,urbanization level,transportation facilities,tourism development and other factors.It is also the result of the interaction and game between different stakeholders such as government,enterprises and residents.The terrain has obvious spatial constraints and directivity on land transfer location selection.The population size and economic development are highly matched with spatial distribution of land transfer.Land policy and urban planning affect the scale and direction of land transfer.The rapid development of transportation and tourism has a significant impact on urban land transfer.