城市大型火车站室外热环境分析和改善方法研究——以武昌车站为例

THE ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENT OUTSIDE THE LARGE URBAN RAILWAY STATION:TAKING WUCHANG RAILWAY STATION FOR EXAMPLE

火车站作为城市大型交通枢纽,会对周边城区的热环境和城市生活舒适性产生重大的影响。如何合理地进行车站外部空间布局,改善场地通风、绿化等状况,是提高城市热舒适性的关键问题之一。与车站室外热环境相对应的因素包括周边城市空间设计、人流状况、下垫面材质等。文章选取武汉市武昌车站作为代表案例,对该站站前植被区、室外广场、周边建筑群等关键位置进行了环境分析,并对热环境相关参数进行实地测量,了解该空间具体的热舒适状态;在此基础上进行问卷调查,结合车站广场及周边建筑的室外空间特点进行环境数字模拟评估,由此通过量化分析的方式获得武昌车站室外空间热环境的特点、存在的问题以及可以改进的措施。最终提出在该地区气候环境下,改善城市大型车站室外热环境的规划和空间设计方法。

As a large urban transport hub, the railway station has a great influence on the thermal environment and the living comfort of the surrounding areas. It is one of the key problems to improve the thermal comfort of the city that how to carry on the space layout outside the station reasonably and improving the condition of ventilation and greening in the site. The outdoor thermal environment of the station is related to the factors including the surrounding urban space design, density of person stream, the underlying surface material and so on. This paper selects the Wuchang railway station of Wuhan City as a case and environmental analysis are carried out in key positions such as vegetation before the railway station, outdoor plaza, surrounding buildings and so on. The parameters related to thermal environment are measured to understand the thermal comfort condition of the space. On this basis, a questionnaire survey is conducted and the digital environment simulation assessment is done, which it is combined with the characteristics analysis of the station square and outdoor space of buildings. Through this quantitative analysis, the characteristics, existing problems and improving measures of the outdoor thermal environment of Wuchang station are obtained. Finally, this paper puts forward the plan and space design method to improve the outdoor thermal environment of large urban railway station under the climate condition in this area.