非物质文化遗产博物馆建设理念初探——以南京博物院非遗馆为例

The Construction of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum:A Case of Nanjing Museum's Intangible Heritage Gallery

当前,我国非物质文化遗产博物馆(简称"非遗馆")的建设需求高涨,各类型的非遗展馆孕育而生,然而质量却参差不齐。非遗馆的建设规划、设计思路不同于传统博物馆,其展示内涵强调非物质文化遗产"无形的"精神层面、实践过程的"活态性"及与外部环境"文化脉络"之间的关系。以上这些特点要求非遗馆的建设思路必须不同于传统博物馆,其中包括:非遗馆应如何有效展示非物质文化遗产的核心价值?如何体现非遗的实践过程和无形的精神内涵?如何设计具有较高知识性和娱乐性的展示手段?如何推动非遗保护工作?上述这些问题都是非遗馆建设所需要探讨解决的难题。南京博物院非遗馆近年来的筹建与运营经验可作为实际案例进行探讨研究,为国内同类博物馆的建设提供经验借鉴。

A rising demand for intangible heritage museums is seen in China, which results in the springing up of a number of intangible heritage museums. Their qualities, however, are not always satisfying.The presentation of intangible heritage museums is more focused on the intangible spirit and the live process of the heritage items as well as their relations to the surrounding cultural contexts, which requires a different idea to be adopted in designing and developing the intangible heritage museum. Questions to be considered in constructing an intangible heritage museum include: how to effectively represent the core value of the heritage item? How to show the process of a traditional skill or practice and how to show their spiritual connotation? How to develop a more knowledgeable and entertaining method to present the heritage item? How to promote heritage preservation? The construction and operation of Nanjing Museum's Intangible Heritage Gallery serves as a case to study and may provide some references for other museums' practice.