语义学中的语言信息观

Language Information from the Perspective of Semantics

语义学是对语言的意义进行研究的学科,不同的语义学流派看到了语言意义的不同层面,通过不同的研究方法解决了不同的语言问题,他们各自的理论也反映了语言信息的不同特征。本文通过考察不同的语义观,归纳了语言信息所涉及的不同知识层面和领域,并对语言信息运作中所体现的自在性和人为性进行了分析。本文认为语言信息的自在性主要体现在语义生成的相对规范,语义类属的相对规范,语言逻辑的相对规范。语言信息的人为性主要体现在语言信息的人为关联,语言信息的强制选择和语言信息的完形心理基础。语言信息学应该用不同的方法,从这两个既对立又统一的侧面去寻找语言表达、习得和交流过程中语言信息运动的规律。

Semantics is the study of meaning communicated through language. Different approaches of semantics have their own focus in their inquiry of semantic principles and their achievements brought by the adoption of their unique methods reveal various features of language information. By reviewing the discoveries of those semantic approaches,this paper aims at summarizing the areas of knowledge that language information may comprise and verifying the dichotomy of autonomous nature and mental nature possessed by language information. The former is revealed by the mechanism of meaning constitution,meaning classification,and lingual logic. The latter is supported be meaning relevance,compulsory choice of language and integrity of cognition involved in language performance. On the basis of language information feature analysis,suggestion is presented as to how to promote language study from the perspective of informatics.