Halliday与Jacobson的语言功能观比较分析

Halliday’s versus Jacobson’s Views on Language Function

Halliday之前的许多学者试图从语言学、心理学和社会学等不同学科视角提出功能的思想。本文比较Jacobson与Halliday的语言功能观,着重介绍后者的元功能思想。两位学者都从社会文化角度出发,把语言视为行为,都将语境与语义功能紧密联系。Halliday的功能思想源于对儿童习得母语的实证观察,认为语言元功能是在人与社会环境的互动过程中逐渐抽象出来的,其功能思想内容更加丰富也更具概括性,Halliday将各种功能的语言体现形式进行了系统化和范畴化描写。本文认为Halliday的功能观是辩证的。

Researchers earlier than Halliday have paid a good deal of attention to language functions,exploring the issue from such perspectives as linguistics,psychology and sociology.The present article compares and contrasts Halliday’s view on language function with Jacobson’s,and elaborates on the former in particular.Analysis reveals that both Jacobson and Halliday take up the socio-cultural factors as a point of departure for language function,viewing language use as social behavior and associating context with function.Halliday’s model of tripartite meta-function is derived from his observation of how child acquires mother tongue.He finds that language meta-function emerges as a result of the interaction between language users and language use contexts.Halliday provides not only a more generalized model of language function but also a systemic linguistic description.