喷微灌技术发展的影响因素分析

Factors Impacted to the Technology Development of Sprinkler and Micro Irrigation

本文分析了世界喷、微灌技术发展概况和趋势 ,总结了典型国家 (美国、以色列、印度 )的喷、微灌技术发展状况和成功经验 ,分析了可量化因素和不可量化因素对喷、微灌技术发展的影响 ,结果表明喷、微灌技术的发展可以明显地降低灌溉用水比例 ;推进喷、微灌技术发展的主要因素为 :人均水资源占有量、人均GNP、农业劳动力人口比例、政府重视程度、投资补贴、研究与培训。

This paper analyzed on the development situation and tendency of the sprinkler and micro irrigation technique worldwide. Authors summarized the successful experiences on the development of sprinkler and micro irrigation in USA, Israel and India. The main factors impacted the development of sprinkler and micro irrigation are as follows: per capita of water resources, per capita of GNP, ratio of agricultural labor to the total population, attention paid by government, subsides supported by government, research and training. In conclusion, authors pointed out that water saving is the major advantage of the sprinkler and micro irrigation. In addition, it can save labor force, increase the water productivity and crop yields. Lack of labor force and the high cost of labor force are the main driving force for the development of sprinkler and micro irrigation.