恒热源工况应急冷却方案设计与技术经济分析

Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of Emergency Solutions for the Cooling System with Constant Heat Source

针对某个恒定热源的待冷却工况,设计了4种散热的车载冷却方案,以应对原有冷却系统因紧急灾害失效致热量积聚从而使冷却水池沸腾产生极端事故的情况,并对各个方案运行过程中动态的空间散热比、造价散热比、风量散热比和水耗散热比进行综合分析,得出各个方案的劣势因子。结果表明:空冷器与蒸发冷却器串联方案稳定运行时段比降温运行时段劣势因子增加了7.43%;两级蒸发冷却器串联但前级蒸发冷却器先期不喷淋方案随着水池温度的稳定,劣势因子下降10.53%;回水预冷后全部蒸发冷却器方案的劣势因子总体最小,故此方案为允许一定水耗条件下技术经济性最好的方案;在无补充水条件下,全空冷方案虽然空间散热比、造价散热比和风量散热比均最高,但水耗散热比为零,此方案具有不可替代性。

To deal with the cooling system failures caused by an emergency or a disaster that might lead to extreme accident due to cooling pool boiling resulted from heavy heat accumulation,4 kinds of vehicle cooling solutions were designed to release the heat load from a certain constant heat source to be cooled,and the 4 schemes were subsequently compared in the aspect of space heat ratio,cost heat ratio,air heat ratio and water consumption heat ratio,etc.,so as to find their fault factors.Results show that the fault factor of the solution with air cooler and evaporative cooler seriesly connected in stable temperature period is 7.43%higher than that in temperature reduction period.With the pool temperature reducing,the fault factor of the solution with two evaporative coolers in series connection without previous spray in the former cooler would drop by 10.53%.The fault factor of the only evaporative cooler solution is the lowest in the case with backflow water pre-cooling,which is believed to have the highest techno-economic effectiveness when water consumption is allowed in a certain degree.But when water consumption is not allowed,though the only air cooler solution has the highest space heat ratio,cost heat ratio and air heat ratio,it is still irreplaceable because of the zero water consumption heat ratio.