从排除原则到排除规则——以威胁、引诱、欺骗方法获取口供排除规则的教义学构建

From the Exclusion Principle to the Exclusion Rule——The Construction of the Legal Dogmatics of the Exclusionary Rule of Confession Obtained by Means of Threat, Temptation and Deception

站在法教义学的立场上,《刑事诉讼法》第52条相关规范文本的演变、不得强迫自证其罪条款的引入以及司法实践的经验均表明排除以威胁、引诱、欺骗方法获取口供的主要目的已经由防止口供虚假转变为保障口供自愿。威胁、引诱、欺骗取供行为构造的核心是对被讯问人供述自愿性的破坏,可鉴于此类取供行为的特殊性以及与正常讯问策略的相似性,相应口供的排除应符合"破坏供述自愿性——行为达到特定严重程度或者可能导致口供虚假"这一双阶层标准为宜。此类违法口供达到排除标准后,可类推适用《刑事诉讼法》第56条将其排除。证据取得禁止与证据使用禁止的关系为取供违法与口供排除的逻辑关联提供了理论参照。综上,排除目的、行为构造、排除标准与排除方法共同构建出以威胁、引诱、欺骗方法取供排除规则的教义学。

From the standpoint of legal dogmatics, the evolution of relevant normative texts, the introduction of the clause of non-self-incrimination and the experience of judicial practice all show that the main purpose of eliminating threats, inducement and deception to obtain confessions has changed from preventing false confessions to safeguarding voluntary confessions. The core of the construction of hreats, inducement and deception confession is to destroy the voluntary confession of the interrogated person. In view of the particularity of such confession and the similarity with the normal interrogation strategy, the exclusion of the corresponding confession should be in accordance with the principle of 'destroying the voluntary confession-the behavior reaches a certain degree of severity or may lead to false confession.' These two criteria are appropriate. This kind of illegal oral confession can be excluded by applying the Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Law after reaching the exclusion standard. The relationship between the prohibition of evidence acquisition and the prohibition of evidence use provides a theoretical reference for the logical connection between the illegal acquisition and the exclusion of confession. To sum up, the purpose of exclusion, behavior structure, exclusion criteria and exclusion methods together to construct a threat,inducement, deception for exclusion confession rules of dogmatics.