论单方开发行为在国际司法程序中的法律效果

On the Legal Effect of Unilateral Development Behaviorin International Judicial Procedure

由于按照《联合国海洋法公约》相关规定作出"实际性临时安排"存在诸多困难,国际社会在争议海域存在大量单方开发行为。通过实证分析发现,从1978年国际法院审理的爱琴海大陆架案到2017年国际海洋法法庭审理的科特迪瓦诉加纳案,对于主权国家的单方开发行为,包括单方勘探和单方实施油气资源开发等行为,国际司法机构在审理过程中并没有给予否定性的评价,没有要求相关当事方停止或取缔已经实施的单方开发活动。在个别案件中,国际司法机构甚至给予单方开发行为以积极评价,认为相关国家的单方开发行为在未来划界中可能产生积极效果。

As there are too many difficulties in entering into 'provisional arrangements of a practical nature' according to the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the international community has a large number of unilateral development behaviors in disputed waters. From the Aegean Sea Continental Shelf case(Greece v. Turkey) heard by the International Court of Justice in 1978 to the Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean(Ghana/Cote d’Ivoire) in 2017, it is found that the international judicial institutions gave no negative evaluation to the unilateral development activities and did not stop or ban the activities including unilateral exploration and unilateral exploitation of oil and gas resources that have already been unilaterally implemented by one of the disputants. In individual case, international judicial institution even gave positive evaluation to the unilateral development activity, believing that the unilateral development acts of the relevant state may have positive effects in the future maritime delimitation.