登陆我国不同区域热带气旋气候特征的对比

The Comparison of Climatic Characters for Tropical Cyclone Landfall over the Different Regions in China

利用1949—2006年登陆我国热带气旋(以下简称TC)资料,对登陆我国不同区域(华南、东南沿海和东北沿海)TC的频数、强度、初(终)旋日、台风季长度等气候特征进行了对比分析。研究结果显示:①近58年年均登陆我国的TC为9.09个,其中达到台风等级的3.17个,占TC的34.9%。②登陆我国TC和TY主要集中在华南(Ⅰ区)、东南沿海(Ⅱ区)和东北沿海(Ⅲ区),前者分布由多至少分别为广东、海南、台湾、福建和浙江,后者为台湾、广东、海南、福建和浙江。③近58年中TC和TY均以登陆Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区为主,登陆TC在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区均呈线性减少趋势,以Ⅰ区最为显著,而登陆TY频数在Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区均无明显的变化趋势。④登陆Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区的TC平均中心气压和极端最低气压均呈现出下降趋势,以Ⅱ区为明显。Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区的风力等级均表现出增大趋势,而Ⅲ区变化不明显。⑤Ⅰ(Ⅲ)区的初旋最早(晚)、终旋最晚(早)、台风季最长(短)。Ⅰ区初旋推迟、终旋提前,台风季缩短,尤其是20世纪90年代中期以后,而Ⅱ区近几年有延长的趋势。

A different regional study is made on the climate features of tropical cyclone(hereafter referred to as TC) and typhoon(hereafter shorted for TY) landfall over China during 1949—2006.The main conclusions are as follows:①TC(TY) landfall over China has reached 9.09(3.17) per year on the average,of which the TY accounts for 34.9%of TC.②TC and TY mainly land on the coast areas of South China(Ⅰ),Southeast(Ⅱ) and Northeast(Ⅲ) region.Both of them basically debark on Guangdong,Hainan,Taiwan,Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces.③For the recent 58 years,the most TC and TY chiefly land on regionsⅠandⅡ.And the linear trend of all three regions is decreasing,especially for regionⅠand the landfall TC number dramatically reduces in the recent decades.④Both of the average and the extreme pressure of TC center cut down from 1949 to 2006,especially for regionⅡ.⑤For the recent 58 years,the date of the first TC occurred earliest(latest),the one of the last TC happened latest (earliest) and typhoon duration lasted for longest(shortest) for regionⅠ(Ⅲ).While the date of the first TC expresses a delayed trend,the one of the last TC shows an earlier trend,thus the typhoon duration has shorten for the whole 58 years of regionⅠ,especially after the mid—1990s,but at the same time there are a lengthening trend in regionⅡ.