基于改进覆盖度模型的南昌市基础教育资源空间布局效率分析

Assessing the Spatial Layout Efficiency of basic Educational Resources by an Improved Coverage Model: A Case Study of Nanchang City, China

随着物质生活水平的不断提升,人们对于教育质量和教育公平的要求在不断提高,推进城乡义务教育一体化发展是教育改革的趋势,教育资源研究也得到了国内外学者的持续关注。本文对传统覆盖度模型进行改进,并结合比例模型的公平性指数等方法,对2018年南昌市辖区中小学教育资源在乡镇/街道上的分布特征与布局效率进行了探索分析。研究表明:①中小学现有办学规模与江西省基本办学条件之间存在差异,各辖区中小学班额人数皆超过标准;②居民享受教育资源的公平性在乡镇/街道层面上存在差异,小学与中学教育资源获取便捷性较高的乡镇/街道分别位于西湖区与青山湖区、东湖区与红谷滩新区;③中小学服务区覆盖度与重复度均呈现明显的核心外围特征,教育资源布局的覆盖率与重复率存在较强的正相关性;④南昌市中学教育资源的空间布局聚集特征远高于小学,近半数乡镇/街道的中学空间布局属于高覆盖效率型和高重复型,且基本聚集在中心城区范围内;⑤中小学教育资源在乡镇/街道尺度上的总体空间布局效率呈显著差异,以偏差布局类型为主,教育资源分布均衡性较差,中小学服务区高覆盖高重复或低覆盖低重复的偏差状况较为显著,综合服务效率偏低。

With the continuous improvement of people’s material well-being,people’s demands for educational qualities and equities also increase.It is a trend of China’s educational reform to promote the integration of the compulsory educations in urban areas and rural areas.The study of educational resources has attracted growing interests.This paper firstly improved a coverage model;Then,based on the improved model and the proportional model-based fairness index,this paper quantitatively analyzed the spatial distribution and layout efficiency of the basic educational resources(i.e.,the primary and middle schools)in 2018 of Nanchang City on the town/subdistrict scale.Results show that:(1)There are differences between the existing scale of primary and secondary schools in Nanchang City and the basic conditions of running schools in Jiangxi Province.The number of primary and secondary school class size in each jurisdiction area exceeds the standard.(2)The township with the most convenient access to primary and secondary education resources are located in Qingshanhu District and Xihu District,while the streets with the most convenient access to primary and secondary education resources are located in Honggutan District and Donghu District.(3)As to the coverage and overlap of the service areas of the primary and middle schools,they all show the core-periphery pattern.There exists a significant positive correlation between the coverage and overlap of the service areas.(4)For the spatial aggregation of the schools in Nanchang City,it is obviously stronger for the middle schools than the primary schools.Over half of the schools in towns/subdistricts,mostly located at the central urban regions,are of highcoverage and high-overlap.(5)With respect to the overall spatial layout efficiencies of the primary and middle schools,there also exists a significant difference among villages,towns,and subdistricts.The major layout type of the schools is the deviated type.The distribution of the basic educational resources is imbalanced.The situation of service areas of the primary and middle schools is bad in that they are of high-coverage,high-overlappe,lowcoverage,or low-overlap.Further,the integrative service efficiency is low.To conclude,the current resource configuration and spatial layout of the primary and middle schools in Nanchang need to be substantially improved.