黄土区小流域土壤侵蚀系统模拟的研究(英文)

Study on Soil Erosion Systems Simulation of Small Watershed in Loess Area

中国黄土高原是世界上水土流失最严重的地区之一 ,土壤侵蚀量是正确评价综合治理的一个重要指标。本文对黄土区小流域土壤侵蚀系统进行计算机模拟 ,它是在与地理信息系统支持平台松散耦合的基础上 ,利用DEM提供地形特征的功能 ,运用水文模型进行流域径流水文分析 ,并在此基础之上 ,结合通用水土流失方程式的侵蚀泥沙模型及其沿程传递模型 ,建立了分布型小流域土壤侵蚀模拟模型 ,用它可以计算不同时间和空间的土壤侵蚀量。最后将研究成果应用于试验流域——宁夏西吉县黄家二岔小流域 ,经过验证 ,具有一定的可靠性 ,可以用于黄土区流域的土壤侵蚀量的模拟运算 ,这将进一步提高小流域综合治理的水平。

The loess plateau in China is one of the most serious soil erosion areas. And the soil erosion volume of watershed is an important index, which is useful to evaluate correctly the comprehensive management, and weigh the benefit of the comprehensive management. It is also the premise and foundation of arranging the measures of soil and water conservation and conducting watershed management and planning. Based on this, we deemed that simulating the soil erosion systems of small watershed in loess area based on computer is essential. The computer based model of soil erosion of watershed in loess area was built. It is loosely coupled with geographical information system. It makes use of DEMs function of providing the topographical feature, and then conducts the hydrological analysis of runoff in watershed. On the basis of this analysis, the USLE sediment model and the routing model were applied to the hydrological analysis of runoff. And then the distributed watershed soil erosion simulation model was built. Using this model, the soil erosion volume with different temporal and spatial characteristic can be computed. At last the research achievement applied to Huangjiaercha small watershed of Xiji county in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region. Additionally, the model system was verified to have a definite reliability. This will further heighten the level of small watershed comprehensive management of loess plateau in China.