恢复生态学与黄土高原生态系统的恢复与重建问题

Restructure and Restoration of Ecosystem in Loess Plateau Based on Restoration Ecology

黄土高原是我国水土流失最严重的地区 ,防止生态系统退化以及退化生态环境的恢复与重建 ,是改善区域生态环境 ,实现可持续发展的保障。介绍了恢复生态学基本理论及生态恢复的方法 ,并基于黄土高原的自然、经济和社会状况 ,提出黄土高原生态恢复基本途径、目标、策略、方法及存在的问题。

Degradation of ecosystem of the loess plateau resulted from excessive water and soil losses. Restoration for severe degradation of natural ecosystem was an important approach for sustainable development in the region. In the face of pressures resulting from human population growth and increasing ecosystem degradation, sustainable development faces urgent challenge, attempting to solve major environmental problems will require a clear understanding of the ecological processes involved at the appropriate scale. The restoration ecology theory and approach was introduced, based on status of natural, economic and social in the loess plateau, and presented general approach, goal, strategy and technique of restoration, the sound approach to ecological restoration of damaged ecosystem was comprehensive strategy and using natural recovery process. An initial emphasis on repairing water and nutrient cycles, which will initiate, direct and drive the process of continuing autogenic recovery, otherwise, the restoration will be more risk and expensive. The goal of restoration should be realistic and developed. The removal of vegetation is the main cause of soil degradation. The setting of the desired goal for vegetation restoration must be based on the order of nature, history context and wishes of inhabitant. Some issues for ecological project are discussed.