作物化感品种资源的评价利用

Assessment and Utilization of Allelopathic Crop Varietal Resources

具有抗草性能的化感特性广泛存在于众多的作物品种中 ,作物的化感作用与作物品种显著相关 ,作物品种间化感潜力的差异是不同品种产生和释放化感作用物质的种类和浓度差异造成的 ,作物化感品种资源的评价利用对实现农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。从作物众多品种资源中评价筛选少数具有化感特性材料是作物抗草新品种取得突破的关键 ,建立快速有效的作物品种及单植株化感潜力的评价方法 ,尤其是利用现代色谱技术 ,以作物产生的特征化感分子为标记可以快速有效地评价作物品种和单植株的化感潜力。进一步利用传统杂交和现代分子育种技术可以将作物化感特性导入相应的商业品种中 ,培育具有抗草和高产优质及相关优良农艺特征作物新品种。最近 ,主要粮食作物水稻和小麦化感商业品种的选育已取得进展。

Allelopathic trait with weed-suppressing capability is widely present in numerous crop varieties. Allelopathy in crop correlated significantly with crop variety. The difference of allelopathic potentiality among crop varieties is resulted from different types and concentrations of allelochemicals that different crop varieties produce and release. Assessment and utilization of allelopathic crop varieties resource would play an important role in sustainable agriculture. A key to make a break through in breeding allelopathic crop cultivars with weed-suppressing capability is to evaluate and screen a few accessions with allelopathic traits from numerous crop varietal resources. It is necessary to establish a rapid and effective assessment method for allelopathic potential of crop variety and individual plant, particularly using specific allelochemicals producing and releasing by crop as markers and modern chromatographic technique can quick and effectively evaluate allelopathic potential of crop variety and individual plant. Further, using traditional cross and modern molecular breeding technique could transfer allelopathic trait to some commercial cultivars and would breed cultivars with weed-suppressing capability and high yield, as well as related fine agronomic traits. Recently, substantial progress in the breeding of allelopathic commercial cultivars of rice and wheat,which are the main grain crop in China, has been achieved.