苹果脱毒方法的比较研究

Study on Apple Virus Elimination Technique

利用茎尖培养、茎尖培养与热处理相结合、二次取尖等方法进行苹果脱毒技术研究。结果表明 ,茎尖大小对分化率和脱毒率有很大的影响 ;并且发现不同品种适宜分化培养基不同 ,长富 - 1在AS3上分化率高 ,而早乔纳金在AS5培养基上分化率较高。热处理能显著降低苹果茎尖分化率 ,长富 - 1茎尖分化率比对照低 19.8% ,早乔纳金比对照低 32 .5 % ;但热处理能大幅度提高脱毒率 ,长富 - 1茎沟病毒 (SGV)脱毒率提高 2 2 .3% ,褪绿叶斑病毒(CLSV)脱除率提高 2 2 .2 % ;早乔纳金茎沟病毒脱除率提高 4 4 .5 % ,褪绿叶斑病毒脱除率提高 11.1%。对长富 - 1和早乔纳金脱毒试管苗二次取尖 ,小茎尖 (0 .1～ 0 .3mm)的脱毒率提高了 11.1% ,大茎尖 (0 .3～ 0 .5mm ,>0 .5mm)的脱毒率提高了 5 .5 %～ 4 6 .7% ;二次取尖对分化率的影响因品种而异 ,对长富 - 1的茎尖分化率影响较大 ,二次取尖分化率降低了 2 6 .4 %。

The virus elimination in apple is achieved by the ways of shoot tip culture, combining shoot tip culture with heat treatment and twice taking shoot tip. The result shows that the size of the shoot tip has great effect on differentiation rate and virus elimination rate. The culture medium suitable for differentiation is different to different varieties. The differentiation rate of Fuji on the AS3 culture medium is higher while the rate of Early Jonagold on AS5 is higher. The heat treatment can reduce the differentiation rate of apple shoot tip distinctly, the differentiation rate of Fuji and Early Jonagold is reduced by 19.8% and 32.5% respectively than the contrast. But the heat treatment can raise the virus elimination rate significantly. The SGV and CLSV elimination rate of Fuji is raised by 22.3% and 22.2% respectively. The rate of Early Jonagold is raised by 44.5% and 11.1% respectively. After twice taking the shoot tip of the tube plant of Fuji and Early Jonagold, the virus elimination rate of short shoot tip(0.1～0.3mm) and the long shoot tip(0.3～0.5mm, >0.5mm) is raised by 11.1% and 20%～47% respectively. The effect of twice taking shoot tip on differentiation rate is different to different varieties, the effect to Fuji is bigger, the differentiation rate is reduced by 26.4% through the twice taking shoot tip.