人工合成甘蓝型油菜特长果突变系选育初报

Initial Report on the Selection of Specially Long Pod Mutants in the Resynthesized Brassica napus L.

从 16 9份人工合成甘蓝型油菜新材料中 ,鉴定出了 2 1份特长果株系 ,其主花序中部角果长度一般在 12cm以上 ,果身长度在 10cm以上。其中 ,最长角果系为“H2 18” ,其平均角果长度达到了 18 12cm ,果身长达到了 15 2 5cm ,最长果单株角果长度达到了 19 34cm ,果身长达到了 16 2 0cm。并在该系中一个折断了主花序的单株上 ,得到了一个极端最长达 30 5cm ,果身长达 2 5cm的超长角果。本研究中所获得的特长果材料与现已报导的特长果材料有着完全不同的遗传来源 ,其角果和果身的长度也大大超过了现有特长角突变系的相应长度。它们在油菜育种及遗传研究中将具有重要的利用价值。在它们的亲本中 ,却未曾见到长角特性 ,所获得的特长果性状都是在杂种后代分离和选育过程中发生的 。

In this study 21 specially long pod lines were identified from 169 artificially resynthesized Brasica napus lines. The lengths of pod in the middle of the main raceme of these lines are normally over 12?cm, with the body length over 10?cm. Among these lines the one with the longest average pod length was 'H218', the average pod length 18 12?cm, the body length 15 25?cm. In this line the longest single plant average pod length was 19 34?cm, the body length 16 20?cm. In 'H218', an extreme pod length of 30 5?cm was observed, with a body length of 25?cm. These specially long pod lines are completely different in genetic origin from those formerly reported specially long pod mutants. The lengths of pods and of the body in the long pod lines in the present study are much longer than those formerly reported. These specially long pod lines would have important values in rapeseed breeding and genetic studies. In the parents of these specially long pod lines no evident long pod characteristics was observed. So the specially long pod character was brought about in the process of segregation and selection of the offspring. The mechanism of formation of the long pod character and its inheritance need to be further studied.