中国古代科技文化中心的东移南迁

EAST-SHIFT AND SOUTH-MOVE OF THE CENTRE OF SCIENCE AND CULTURE IN ANCIENT CHINA

中国科技文化经过多源发展,在黄河中游的黄土谷地形成以农牧技术和彩陶制作技术为标志的仰韶文化核心地带。到周秦汉唐时代,即在泾渭流域的关中盆地形成了中国第一个较为集中的科技文化中心,形成了中国科学技术的基本模式和体系。北宋时代,科技文化中心东移到伊、洛、汾、涑、沁流域,中国古代科学技术达到高潮。北宋末,以晋室南迁和大运河的开凿为先声的南迁既成事实,中国科技文化中心有了一个大的跃迁,即从黄河流域转移到了长江流域。尔后逐渐扩散,移向海岸,形成近世的海岸文化轴心地带。

Through the development of many soures, the scientific and technical culture of ancient China formed a key zone of the Yangshao Culture which took as indexes farming, animal husbandry and painted pottery technology. This original cultural accumulation in the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties (11th century B. C.-A. D. 907) engendered the first centre of scientific and technical culture of China in the Guanzhong Basin of the valley of the Jinghe and Weihe Rivers. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the cultural centre of science and technology shifted to the drainage area of the Yi, Luo, Fen, Su and Xin Rivers. And in the later years, it went through a big transition, namely from the Huanghe River Valley tO the Changjiang River Valley, and then spread gradually until it finally reached the coast, thus forming the axle centre of coastal culture in modern China. The main reason for the formation of cultural centres in the western and central regions lies in the vitality of Chinese culture, while the formation of the coastal culture in east China is the direct result of the 'collision' of the two great civilizations between the West and the East.