先赋与诱导:政府购买服务环境下社会组织行动策略研究

Predetermined and Induced:The Research on Social Organizations’ Strategies under the Environment of Government Purchasing Services

随着政府购买服务成为观察政府与社会组织互动关系的切入口,社会组织为维护自身利益的行动策略也日益受到关注。政府购买服务“制度-技术”环境为社会组织行动提供了活动空间。官办社会组织、民办社会组织为承接政府购买服务、获取政府购买环境中的有利位置,依托组织属性和资源,分别采取不同的组织行动策略。官办社会组织在政府购买环境中采取制度化结构、网络化联盟、体制内试验、项目化管理等行动策略,属于先赋型行动,依赖并借助政府部门的强势支持,获得了天然的制度合法性及其资源。民办社会组织在政府购买环境中采取资源化导向、社会化动员、行政性嵌入、商业化思路、专业化定位等行动策略,属于诱导型行动,根据具体的环境主动或被动调整组织行动,以获取组织生存和发展的关键资源。社会组织行动策略是平衡政府购买环境中有利因素与不利因素的重要机制。

Government purchasing services has become a useful way to observe the relationship between the government and social organizations.And strategies of social organizations to safeguard their interests are increasingly concerned.The“institution-technology”environment of government purchasing services offers social organizations some spaces for developing.The government-owned and non-government-owned social organizations relying on organizational attributes and resources adopt different organizational strategies in order to undertake government purchasing services and obtain favorable positions in the situation with governmental purchasing.Government-owned social organizations rely on the strong support of government,get the legitimacy and resources of the institution,and exhibit the following strategies:institutionalized structure,network alliance,innovation within the system,project management.And these strategies can be called the predetermined action.Non-government-owned social organizations adjust their strategies to the specific environment in order to obtain the key resources for the survival and development.They exhibit the following strategies:resource-oriented action,social mobilization,administrative embededdness,business-oriented ideas,and professional orientation.And these strategies can be called induced action.Social organizations'strategies are important mechanisms to balance favorable and unfavorable factors in government purchasing environment.