列宁的城市观和苏联限制大城市规模的由来——兼论十月革命前后俄国城市化进程的大转轨

Lenin’s Viewpoints on Cities and the Origins of Restricting Scales of Big Cities in USSR——A Discussion on the Great Transition of Urbanization in Russia around the October Revolution

十月革命之前的俄国并没有限制大城市规模的传统,而苏联城市化的特点之一就是对大城市规模进行限制。限制大城市规模的政策起源于十月革命之后列宁所开创的社会主义城市化建设的理论与实践。列宁的城市观蕴含了比较明显的限制大城市规模的倾向,他领导制定的战时共产主义政策和新经济政策均包含了限制大城市规模的因子。这两大政策的实施开启了俄国限制大城市规模的序幕,也将俄国的城市化进程转到了一条全新的轨道上。

The practice to restrict the scales of big cities did not exist in Russia before October Revolution. It was a salient characteristic of the urbanization in USSR It originated from the theory and practice of Lenin soon after October Revolution. Firstly,Lenin’s theory on urbanization and cities contained obvious tendency to restrict the scales of big cities. Secondly, the practice of Wartime Communism and the Neo-Economy Policies paved the way for restricting the scales of big cities. Lenin successfully transited the urbanization of Russia to a brand-new track.