日本近代城市改造中民众角色的变迁

The Role Change of the Public in the Process of Modern Japan’s Urban Reconstruction

日本近代城市改造中民众从局外者逐步转变为参与者。明治维新后的城市改造为了国家的体面,民众被完全排斥。随着城市化的发展,城市问题频发,日本实施了市区改造,民众的参与意识开始产生。大城市的郊区化发展为城市改造带来难题,由此日本的城市规划开始走向制度化,然而公权和私权产生冲突,法律执行面临阻力。关东大地震后的东京城市重建成为民众动员的契机,通过讲座、宣传和换地组合,兼顾效率与公平,提升了民众的参与能力,推动了城市改造的顺利进行。

The policy treating the public moved forward gradually in urban reconstruction in modern Japan. After Meiji Restoration, Japan reconstructed cities for country, not for the public. Urban problem occurred along with urbanization, so Japan implemented the downtown improvement, while the participation consciousness of pubic germinated. Urban sprawl made trouble for urban reconstruction, so urban planning developed to legal system. However, the law was difficult to enforce as the conflict between pubic interests and private rights. The reconstruction after Great Kanto Earthquake was the opportunity for public mobilization Urban improvement combined the efficiency and equity by means of lectures, propaganda and land exchange combination,which cultivated the capability of public participation for municipal administration and promoted the progress of urban reconstruction.