上海市工人文化宫研究(1950-1966)

A Research on Shanghai City Worker’s Cultural Palace before The Cultural Revolution

受苏联利用工人文化宫建设社会主义新文化的影响,新中国在成立之初就开始了建构社会主义意识形态的文化空间。在国家宏观文化、法律政策的指引下,20世纪50年代初的中国大中城市,一大批市、区工人文化宫建立起来。上海市工人文化宫于1950年建立。由东方饭店改建而成的上海市工人文化宫,是社会主义对资本主义旧文化空间的改造,更体现了国家权力领导下以工人阶级为主体的无产阶级话语和象征工人阶级主体性的文化政策在城市空间上的投射。上海市工人文化宫是'工人的学校和乐园',在提高工人文化水平,培养工人文学骨干;紧抓时事政治与革命教育,提高工人政治觉悟;打造工人文艺,为政治服务方面发挥了重要作用。需要强调的是,工人文化宫的功能绝不仅仅是生产社会主义意识形态的工人文化,它还为工人和职工提供了切实的文化福利。

Under the influence of the Soviet Union, who established Workers’ Cultural Palace to develop new socialist culture, Chinese government began the space cultural construction of socialist ideology. Under the guidance of Chinese macro policies about culture and legislation, a large number of Workers’ Cultural Palaces were built in Chinese cities and districts at the beginning of the 1950 s. Shanghai City Workers’ Cultural Palace was built in 1950. It means the transformation from a capitalism culture space to a socialism one by changing the name from Oriental Hotel to Shanghai City Workers’ Cultural Palace. It also symbolizes the projection of proletariat words and cultural policies of working class to urban space. The Workers’ Cultural Palace was the school and paradise for workers in Shanghai. It played an important role in many ways, such as improving the cultural level of workers, training workers to be literary backbone,grasping the current political and revolutionary education, improving workers’ political consciousness,creating workers’ art. It is worth noting that the main function of Workers’ Cultural Palace was not only constructing culture of socialist ideology but also providing practical benefit to workers and staffs.