西藏自治区的土地、粮食和人口

LAND, FOOD AND POPULATION IN THE TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION

本文讨论了西藏自治区土地系统、农业发展、人口增长和它们之间的相互关系。指出西藏土地类型复杂多样,极少土地能用于种植业,单位产量亦不高。人均占有粮食不足300kg,若干牧区不足50kg。粮食生产不能满足人口增长的需求。这种趋势在今后30年内仍将继续下去。 为了解决土地—粮食—人口三者之间关系的不协调,需采取若干切实措施。文中亦强调人口控制的必要。

In most of the developing mountainous areas, the agricultural production is the main activity on which people depend for their livelihood. The agricultural development is closely related to the environmental condition. The population is closely linked with the agricultural development. Rapid population growth in mountainous areas usually causes the competition for limited resources or, in other words, it increases the pressure on the physical, economic and social environment. Based on this idea, the land system, agricultural development, population growth and their interaction in the Tibet Autonomous Region are discussed in this paper.The land types in the region are very complex and varied. Because the physicogeograph-ical conditions, including elevation, temperature, moisture etc., are unfavourable, only a few of the lands can be used to grow crops and the crop production per unit is not high, too. After analysing the regional differentiation, land, food, population, growth and their interaction, it is pointed that the crop production can not meet the basic or minimum needs of the population. The food consumption of the region depends heavily on subsidy. The high expense for transporting a big amount of food is not economically worthwhile.To solve the unbalanced development of the land, food and population, feasible measures, including expending the area of cultivated land properly, improving the irrigation conditions, increasing the use of fertilizer as well as increasing the agricultural investment should be taken. It is also important that the population growth should be controlled. In the mean while the population quality of the minority nationalities should be enhanced.