应用陆地卫星TM图象编制闽北土壤图(1:10万)的方法研究

A STUDY ON THE METHOD OF APPLYING LANDSAT-5 TM IMAGE IN COMPILING THE SOIL MAP( 1:100000) OF NORTHERN FUJIAN

以TM原图象合成的标准假彩色和似自然色图象作目视解译为主,根据土壤及其相关地物的野外光谱测定数据,分析其影象色调特征;用TM 7个波段原始黑白图象作对比解译,以预测不同地物的彩色合或效果并选择最佳合成方案;用TM6热红外图象作假彩色等密度分割处理,以提取随海而异的地面温度场和土壤类型垂直分带信息;用TM比值图象及其假彩色合成处理,以逐步增强并提取土壤信息;最后参照同比例尺地质图和地形图等相关资料,完成土壤图的编制。

The main points of soil mapping method discussed in this paper are as follws: 1. The visual intepretation is made by using the standard false color and analogous natural color pi--ctures composed from TM original images and the reflective spectral data of ground objects are consulted to analyse the characteristic of their image tone; 2. The spectral characteristic of ground objects is found out through contrast interpretation of the black and white TM images of the seven bands and the effect of color composite is predicted; 3. The information of ground thermal field and soil vertical zonality which differ with elevation is extracted by using the TM6 thermal infrared image to make the pseudo-color-equidensity slicing; 4. The information of soil and land utilization is enhanced by using TM ratio images and their false color composition; and 5. The related data, such as topographical maps and geological maps, are consulted to draw the soil map. Experience has proved that the precision of the soil map on the middle scale drawn by this method is up to the standard requivement, the boundaries of some soil categories interpreted and delineated by the method are more objective and precise, and the amount of mapping work is greatly reduced.