通道侗族自治县传统农业生态系统的类型及其效益

TYPES AND BENEFICIAL RESULTS OF TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM BY DONG PEOPLE,TONGDAO COUNTY,SOUTHWESTERN HUNAN, CHINA.

本文对湖南通道侗族自治县传统农业生态系统的类型及其效益进行了研究，并就资源利用问题以及人类、科学技术、传统知识、宗教信仰和政策等在生态系统中的作用进行了讨论。

This paper mainly deals with types and beneficial results of traditional agricultural ecosystems by Dong people, Tongdao County, southwestern Hunan, Chian. In the county, there are five basic types of traditional agricultural ecosystems. They are (1) Fuel forest (or Pinus massonian a forest,or Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, or Camellia oleifera forest)←Terraced fields (Used for planting Citrus reticulata and C. sinensis, or cash crops, or nursery sock)←Plants near Dong villages (or zones of fuel forest, or broad -- leaf forest)←Dong people villages→Paddy fields→Zones of Bambusa multiplex forest→River; (2) Natural forest (or Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, or Pinus massoniana forest←Camellia oleifera forest←Dong people villages→paddy fields→River. (3) Mixed forest (Pinus massoniana with natural forest)←Camellia oleifera forest (or Cunninghamia lanceolata forest)←Dry frmaland ←Dong people villages→Paddy fields→River; (4) Land for planting ginger (Zingiber officinale ) (orginger intercropped under natural)←Camellia oleifera forest or Cunninghamia lanceolata forest←Dryfarmland←Dong people villages→Paddy fields→River; and (5) Natural forest (or Cunninghamia lanceolata forest)←Geomantic forest←Terraced fields←Dong people villages→Paddy fields→River.In dddition. the paper also studies the sources of income and economic effects of these types of traditional agricultural ecosystems.In the end .it is discussed that questions of makind itself,science and technology,traditional knowledge and religious belief as well as government polcy how to play a role in managing and utilizing thesetraditional agricultural ecosystems.