中国的新经济精英:家庭历史和社会变迁

New Economic Elites:Family Histories and Social Change

有关中国自1978年以来出现的新经济精英的研究总是把政治和经济因素当作最为关键的因素,学界很少有人关注经济精英的社会关系,尤其是家庭背景对于他们创业活动的决定性影响。为了探索家庭因素对新经济精英的影响,通过在昆明、兰州、南京、青岛、太原和中山等地进行的调查,访谈当代企业家在1979年(一般为父母)和1949年(通常为祖父母)的家庭背景,初步的调查结果表明:2009年出现的经济精英,其家庭背景的重要性需要追溯到1949年之前,这些精英的出现在很大程度上要归因于他们在党政机关中工作的父母或者1949年以前处于统治阶层的祖父母,其家庭背景对于这些精英的个人行为及性格的形成都具有极其重要的影响。

In describing the emergence of new economic elites in China since 1978,the weight of evidence has been placed on political and economic explanations.Very little attention has been paid to the importance of social relations,and in particular family,in shaping entrepreneurial activity.This paper reports on research currently being conducted in Kunming,Lanzhou,Nanjing,Qingdao,Taiyuan,and Zhongshan at least in part designed to investigate possible family influences.In particular,it has been concerned to examine economic elite formation historically by enquiring about the family background of contemporary entrepreneurs in both 1979(usually parents)and 1949(usually grandparents).Preliminary findings from this research highlight the significance of family background back to before 1949 in the emergence of the economic elites of 2009;The extent to which the new economic elites have parents in the party-state,and grandparents in the pre-1949 ruling class and the importance of family narratives to individual behavior.