苏轼词入乐可歌之新论

The New Discussion on Sushi's Ci with Music for Singing

苏轼词究竟有多少首可以入乐歌唱,是学术界悬而未决的问题。本文经全面搜罗各种文献,得苏词可歌之作共四十五首,其中可确定篇目及具体歌唱本事者三十四首。这些词有三个特点:首先,歌唱者的性别,男性多于女性,这符合苏轼词的雄浑、豪放之风;其次,男性歌唱者中,虽专业歌者人数少于非专业歌者,但专业歌唱者达到的效果更好、影响更大;再次,女性歌者中,专业的歌妓舞女较多,这与词作传统的功用和风格相符。考察苏词能否歌唱具有三个方面的意义:第一,苏轼改变了以女声为主声部的词坛格局,客观上促进了词的内容和风格走向多样化;第二,可歌之苏词成为苏轼懂音律的佐证,学界可依此重新审视并进一步探讨苏轼的不懂音律论;第三,不同的歌唱者、歌唱环境产生的效果不同,以此为切入点考察词体风格,可为学界提供新的研究思路。

It was unknown how many Sushi's Ci can be sung with music.This article,based on a comprehensive collecting of various documents,concluded that 45 pieces can be sung,among which 34 pieces can be found in specific documents with exact titles.These poetries had three features:Firstly,as for singer gender,male surpassed female,which was in line with the forceful and unconstrained style of Sushi's Ci.Secondly,among these male singers,professional singers achieved better effects and greater influence,although there were less professional male singers than unprofessional ones.Thirdly,there were more professional singing-dancing girls among the female singers,which was consistent with traditional functions and styles of these poetries.There were three significances to study whether Sushi's Ci could be sung or not.Sushi had changed the pattern of Ci circles dominated by the female singers,which objectively promoted the diversification of content and style of Ci.Singable Sushi's Ci gave evidence of Sushi's comprehension of melody,and scholastic circles can reassess and discuss further that'Sushi did not understand rhythm'.Finally,different singers and singing surroundings generated different singing effects.Above-mentioned study of Ci style as the breakthrough can provide the new research approach for scholastic circles.