英国民族国家的历史建构与身份认同困境

The Historical Construction and Identity Dilemma of the English Nation-State

英国民族国家建构始于英格兰的民族建构与族性生成,而都铎王朝则对英格兰民族组建产生了巨大而深远的影响,并巩固了一个强大的主权国家。就前者而言,日耳曼人的征服为英格兰民族的形成创造了契机,黑斯廷斯战役的挫败以及随之而来的诺曼人征服则促使英格兰民族逐渐走向成熟,百年战争的失利迫使英格兰重新审视自己的民族身份,最终在伊丽莎白一世时期确立了自己的海岛民族特性。就后者而言,都铎王朝让英格兰摆脱了对于罗马教皇的依附,剔除了外来势力的影响,进而通过海外殖民扩张、发展对外贸易与资本主义工商业、开展政治与宗教领域的改革等一系列富有成效的措施,不仅强化了中央政府的权威,巩固了王权,也激发了英格兰的爱国主义精神和民族主义情感。但是,英国的民族国家建构中一直存在着国家身份认同的困境,而伴随欧洲一体化进程的加快,欧洲身份认同问题也开始困扰着英国。身份认同问题将对英国的未来产生重要影响。

The construction of the English nation-state began with the national construction and ethnic formation in England.England nation and England people form and consolidate a strong sovereign state during Tudor Dynasty.As far as the former is concerned,the conquest of the Germanic people created an opportunity for the formation of the England nationality.The defeat of the Hastings campaign and the subsequent Norman Conquest led to the gradual maturity of the England nation.The failure of Hundred Year's War forced England to reexamine its national identity,and eventually established its own national characteristics in the Elizabeth I period.As for the latter,England get rid of the attachment of the Pope in Rome,excluding the impact of foreign forces,and then through the overseas colonial expansion,the development of foreign trade and capitalist industry and commerce,for carrying out political and religious reforms and a series of effective measures during Tudor Dynasty.It not only strengthened the authority of the central government and consolidated the monarchy,but also inspired the spirit of patriotism and nationalism.However,there has been a dilemma of national identity in the English Nation-state,and with the acceleration of the process of European integration,the problem of European identity has also begun to haunt the United Kingdom.The problem of identity will have an important impact on the future of the United Kingdom.